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How Is Diabetes Related To Heart Failure? Diabetes is a medical condition in which the blood glucose levels remain abnormally high over a prolonged period of time. Heart failure, on the other hand, is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s requirements for oxygen and blood. So, how is diabetes related to heart failure? When left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications including heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes, and cognitive impairment. The scientific statement from the AHA and the Heart Failure Society of America published June 6, 2019 in the journal ‘Circulation’ indicated that many of the risk factors and mechanisms behind Type-2 diabetes and heart failure are similar. Recent studies have found new treatments for diabetes may also improve heart failure outcomes, showing the relationship between the 2 conditions. A study published in January 1, 2020 in journal ‘Mayo Clinic Proceedings’ found that diabetes significantly increases the likelihood of future heart failure, even after ruling out risk factors like high body mass index (BMI) and high blood pressure. The study also expands on the current knowledge that even without any kind of significant structural disease of the heart, people with diabetes are still at risk for developing heart failure.
2,042 residents older than 45 were selected from
the Rochester Epidemiology Project of Olmsted County as of June 1, 1997, through
September 30, 2000. These participants underwent assessment of systolic and
diastolic function using echocardiography. Researchers identified participants
with diabetes, and then matched each individual with 2 people who did not have
diabetes but had an otherwise similar health profile: similar age and sex, with
a similar status for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diastolic
dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the heart has difficulty relaxing
between beats, which limits the amount of blood the ventricles can collect for
the next heartbeat.
By matching participants in this way, it is possible to see whether diabetes would still affect the way the heart was able to function by isolating all the major associated risk factors. The final group totaled 116 people with diabetes and 232 without diabetes. During the 10-year follow-up, 21 percent of the participants with diabetes developed heart failure, compared with 12 percent of the people without diabetes. These findings suggest that diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure and supports the concept of diabetes mellitus cardiomyopathy. Further research may still need to find out why diabetes increases the risk for heart failure even after controlling for coronary artery disease, and high blood pressure. But it could due to the fact that diabetes may have a negative impact factor on cardiac muscle cells. Diabetes could affect the small muscles of the heart, and that would not be discovered in routine screenings. There could also be things happening at the molecular level whereby the metabolism of the heart muscles changes when somebody has diabetes and high sugars. Diabetes may also make the heart stiffer, which would n’ be detected by current imaging technology like echocardiography. Previously, a paper published January 3, 2019 in Journal ‘Circulation Research’ reported that patients with diabetes mellitus have more than double the risk for developing heart failure. Having both these conditions will be at a much higher risk of worse health outcomes: more hospitalizations, more emergency department visits, earlier death, and worse health overall than having just one of these conditions.
In order to help lower the risk for heart disease
or keep it from getting worse, as well as help manage diabetes, lifestyle
changes are important. People should follow a healthy diet, aim for a healthy
weight, get active, and manage stress. People should also get a regular A1C test
to measure the average blood sugar over 2 to 3 months; try to keep the blood
pressure below 140/90 mmHg; manage the cholesterol levels. Last but not least,
people should stop smoking or do not start. Date: July 23, 2020
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